01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter or cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, granulated sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda until evenly blended.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk sourdough starter, eggs, melted butter, whole milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Fold gently with a spatula just until combined—do not overmix or muffins will become tough.
05 - Gently fold in the blueberries and lemon zest if using, taking care not to crush the berries.
06 - Divide batter evenly among the 12 muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes until golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
08 - Let muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.