01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain and rinse under cold water to halt cooking and cool completely. Set aside.
02 - If using fresh or thawed frozen corn, heat a large dry skillet over high heat. Spread the corn kernels in a single layer and cook without stirring for 2 to 4 minutes until charred on one side. Stir and continue charring the other side for about 2 more minutes. Remove from heat and let cool.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, minced garlic, chili powder, smoked paprika, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well combined.
04 - Add the cooled pasta, charred corn, diced red onion, jalapeño, and chopped cilantro to the dressing. Toss gently until all ingredients are evenly coated.
05 - Gently fold the crumbled cotija cheese into the salad, taking care not to break it down too much.
06 - Taste the salad and adjust with additional salt or lime juice as needed to balance the flavors.
07 - Transfer to a serving platter. Top with extra crumbled cotija cheese, a scattering of fresh cilantro, and a generous sprinkle of chili powder or Tajín.
08 - Serve immediately at room temperature, or cover and refrigerate for up to 6 hours. Toss gently before serving if chilled.